游朝慶
在前一篇有提到說商品化的RCW,其減壓效果和TCC一樣,但治療效果會遠低於TCC的原因是患者會脫掉RCW,據統計1以RCW治療的患者平均一天只有28%的時間穿戴著RCW,因此減壓輔具(off-loading device)治療成功的關鍵就在於輔具有無讓患者願意24小時穿上的能力或者可以限制患者將其脫掉。再加上TCC有許多限制及缺點,如很花時間安裝,醫師不會裝,費用貴等,故Armstrong於2002年想出將RCW改良,使其不會被患者脫掉,稱其為instant total contact cast(instant TCC或iTCC),Armstrong並且證實iTCC和TCC同樣有效2,3,但更容易、更快被安裝。Katz4人研究TCC的總治療210.67美元,而iTCC花費158.47美元,費用更省了,但同樣有效。Armstrong並也證實iTCC比RCW更有效5,而其安裝方法只是將患者先穿上RCW,再以繃帶或自黏繃帶將RCW整個捆住(如下圖),讓患者不容易脫掉,就這麼簡單。而其缺點就是有近四成的人會有併發症(TCC有六成五)4,大部分是皮膚浸潤。由於這個緣故,在台灣這種濕熱環境氣候可能更不方便使用TCC或iTCC,不然就是要如同最下面兩圖,將前足部分露出。圖1.這是Armstrong的圖例
http://www.diabeticmctoday.com/HtmlPages/DMC0505/PDFs/DMC_Armstrong.pdf
圖2.也有人只單純捆住小腿及腳踝,讓RCW的鞋底露出以方便行走。
http://www.themayerinstitute.ca/get-off-it/
圖3.也有人僅僅只是直接在RCW上面綁一條束帶(Cable Tie)
http://lowerextremityreview.com/article/diabetes-options-for-offloading
基本上,這個方法就是防君子不防小人,但就是有效。
1. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Kimbriel HR, Nixon BP, Boulton AJ. Activity patterns of patients with diabetic foot ulceration: patients with active ulceration may not adhere to a standard pressure off-loading regimen. DiabetesCare 2003;26:2595-7.
2. Armstrong DG, Short B, Espensen EH, Abu-Rumman PL, Nixon BP, Boulton AJ. Technique for fabrication of an instant total contact cast” for treatment of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002;92:405-8.
3. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ. Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial.Diabetes Care 2005;28:551-4.
4. Katz IA, Harlan A, Miranda-Palma B, et al. A randomized trial of two irremovable off-loading devices in the management of plantar neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):555-559.
5. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ.,Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):551-4.
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